It is designed to , https://wellbeingport.com/what-is-california-mental-health-tax/, Health (Just Now) WebCalifornia also charges a mental health services surcharge tax of 1% on incomes over $1 million, over and above the regular tax rate for residents and certain , https://www.thebalancemoney.com/california-personal-income-tax-3193243, Health (8 days ago) WebThe nonresident individuals with over $1 million of California taxable income are eligible to be included in group nonresident returns, however, an additional 1% mental health , https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/tax-news/november-2019/all-about-business.html, Health (2 days ago) WebMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ACT . The answer is, you help as many people as you can, he said. With Proposition 63 expected to put an additional $3.8 billion into mental health services this fiscal year, some advocates say its time that California takes another look at how the money is being spent. & Tax Code 17043). All Rights Reserved. She said staffing shortages are to blame. The measure raises about $2 billion each year for such services, such as preventing mental illness from progressing, reducing stigma and improving treatment. )wOF;xzz9-? Gutierrez has written award-winning government accountability stories on wasteful spending, pension spiking, rape kit backlogs and failures in the foster care system. Congenital deformities or conditions that are present at birth. We are just told we have to continue to take the clients, even though we dont have the ability to provide them with consistent mental health treatment, she said. Health. Table of Contents show. If you need support or are actively seeking services, please call the ACL at 1 (888) 724-7240 (TDD/TTY Dial 711) and an experienced counselor will provide you with a referral to meet your needs and help determine eligibility. Individual deductions are not allowed on the group nonresident return. State officials have accused counties of hoarding vast piles of cash that could and they argue should be spent more quickly on services. Clients used to be able to meet with a psychiatrist for a medication evaluation within a week. This law is regarded by some as a patients bill of rights. California taxable income if they elect to be part of the group return . $10 billion has been raised since inception. For More Information: Kristie Person 530-283-6307 ext 1200. Counties insist Californias system for tracking their spending relies on delayed data that creates an illusion of surplus where none exists. Survey: Mental health stigmas are shifting. For more information on Credit limitations go to Publication 1067, Guidelines for Filing a Group Form 540NR, Section F, Individuals Decision to be Included in the Group Nonresident Return. Unfortunately, in far too many counties in California, they just dont do that, he said. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. of California and a co-author of the ballot initiative, Proposition 63. 401k . " The MHSA provides for a 1% tax on taxable personal income over $1 million. Why did they get rid of mental institutions? We now have billions of dollars that have been put to use to help hundreds of thousands of people.. For a complete listing of the FTBs official Spanish pages, visit La esta pagina en Espanol (Spanish home page). Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The web pages currently in English on the FTB website are the official and accurate source for tax information and services we provide. You are filing aseparate return if you file as single, head of household, or married filingseparately. Maybe there is something in the Regulations, or a Revenue Ruling from the 1960s, that elaborates on that. Soon, Californians will be able to dial a new three-digit number when seeking help for a mental health crisis. Wong, of Los Angeles County, likened Newsons proposal and the idea that counties have extra money to implement it to the old folk tale about making soup from a stone. We translate some pages on the FTB website into Spanish. Published Another is a bureaucratic morass that leaves the public, and even state and local officials, unsure how much money is available and how its spent. The 24-hour Young Adult Support Hotline immediately connects youth in crisis to mental health specialists . The Mental Health Services Act is a ballot measure passed by California voters in November 2004 that provided new funding for public mental health services. staff (physicians) who provide emergency medical services in a. licensed general acute care hospital (once an individual is otherwise. 19 cafes that make L.A. a world-class coffee destination, Best coffee city in the world? Enter the result on line 62 of Form 540. This page has the latest California brackets and tax rates, plus a California income tax calculator. It was approved. Bettering Lives in Virginia. New York State lawmakers passed Kendras Law in response to a tragedy that mirrored the death of Ms. Go. If on a school campus there is an issue and somebody needs to be evaluated right away, were going to be able to develop the capacity to do that across the county, she said. The Mental Health Services Act, or Proposition 63, has generated $29 billion in total through a tax of 1% on incomes above $1 million. Equity / Innovation / Quality / Inclusion / Accessibility / Transparency / Compassion / Integrity. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ::@?@?`VWWWWWWWWWWWWWWG{E?~(QGE?~1cFoFoFoFoF_b"/R~}4-GzgN'8nYwW  If you are experiencing an emergency, please call 9-1-1. California voters in 2004 approved Proposition 63, which created a 1 percent tax on all personal income over $1 million to provide expanded mental health services statewide. We strive to provide a website that is easy to use and understand. Apply for a Hedy Holmes Staffing Services Tax Manager job in Stockton, CA. 12 (the California personal income tax provisions of which are codified at Cal. The nonresident individuals with over $1 million of California taxable income are eligible to be included in group nonresident returns, however, an additional 1% mental health services tax will be assessed on their entire California taxable income if they elect to be part of the group return. >l$uPn}};]3kvpM[Ogw},O/ge_ua?&mwvGn/T[5|.})w]1/)SMU;\ct5]eS^YY"$6yW+BK5,dr +Ytptptpf Y,a K%f Y,a K%f#>>b*b\EnAzb7 Fo7 Fo7n+d%_)94k&8q_b.~%~pi>_ Fw Or do I quote redesign and rebrand [existing programs] to fund them and avoid mass layoffs? It provided the first opportunity in many years to expand county mental health programs for all populations: children, transition age youth, adults, older adults, families, and, most especially, the unserved and under-served. By Beth Meyerhoff, California State PTA Advocate. 0Y|NLD{v[rqg. Her book, The Devils Harvest, told the story of a contract killer who stalked Central Valley farm towns for years while authorities failed to bring him to justice. When did California close mental hospitals? The MHSA levied a 1 percent tax on all California personal incomes over $1 million, resulting in a substantial . The most important factors that led to deinstitutionalisation were changing public attitudes to mental health and mental hospitals, the introduction of psychiatric drugs and individual states desires to reduce costs from mental hospitals. California Institute for Mental Health (CiMH) CiMH was established in 1993 to promote excellence in mental health services through training, technical assistance, research and policy development. One participant told researchers, I would be dead or a criminal without the services he was receiving, while another said they helped her accomplish her goal of going one month without being hospitalized for mental health care. Revenues from the tax, the result of a statewide initiative passed in 2004, also expanded access to therapy and case management to almost 130,000 young people in Los Angeles County, the report by the Rand Corp. said. (8 days ago) WebCalifornia's state income tax rates have a large range, from 1% to 12.3%. Our workforce was decimated, said Dr. Veronica Kelley, chief of mental health and recovery services for Orange Countys Health Care Agency. Homeless encampments and the dire and visible needs of the increasing numbers of people who live in them have become among the states most potent social and political problems. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Title They have an average pre-tax income of nearly five million dollars ($5,000,000). Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. A group nonresident return is considered a group of individual returns that meets the California individual income tax return filing requirement. Do not include Social Security numbers or any personal or confidential information. This tax is levied at a rate of 1 percent on amounts of taxable income greater than $1 million. Juan Luna, who suffers from mental illness, sleeps along Los Angeles Street in downtown L.A. Where is it written that "your share of the tax on the joint return" is based on AGI? 25 Allen St., Martinez, CA 94553. A Net Operating Loss (NOL) is also an individual deduction. ABOUT THE MHSA In 2004, California voters approved Proposition 63 and the MHSA was enacted in 2005 by placing a one percent tax on personal income above $1 million. We reviewed their content and use your . They are a central issue in the Los Angeles mayors race and featured in elections from Shasta County to the recall of San Francisco Dist. In the future, the county wants to focus even more on prevention for at-risk children by promoting strong familial relationships and stable housing, Innes-Gomberg said. Forms, publications, and all applications, such as your MyFTB account, cannot be translated using this Google translation application tool. The diversion of funds provides one reason Proposition 63 hasnt fully lived up to its promise. The recession that began in 2008 decimated public coffers, so in 2011, the state shifted nearly $900 million of Proposition 63 money to temporarily cover mental health programs. Please select one of our navigational options below: If you have a Behavioral Health emergency. Rev. Darrell Steinberg, the co-author of the proposition and a state senator at the time, voted to allow it. (3 days ago) WebTax rate - 1%: .01; Mental Health Services Tax - Multiply line C by line D. Enter this amount here and on line 17 of the 2022 CA Estimated Tax Worksheet below. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Clinics help keep people with serious mental illness out of ER. 1 833 317-HOPE (4673) Central Valley Suicide Prevention Lifeline. There are reasons to be concerned about how maybe the money is being spent or not being spent, said Rands Ashwood. California law imposes a tax on the income of a nonresident taxpayer that is derived from or attributable to sources within this state. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Paul Stansbury, who lives in the South Bay, would concur in part. O Six (6) O Fifteen (15) O Nine (9) Four (4) Next . That money flows from the state to counties for use in five areas community support, prevention, innovation, facilities and workforce training. Is Hotel California about an insane asylum? SECTION 1. Proposition 63, now known as the Mental Health Services Act, imposed a 1 percent tax on people who earn more than $1 million annually to pay for expanded mental health care in California. Assisted outpatient treatment (AOT) is court-ordered treatment (including medication) for individuals with severe mental illness who meet strict legal criteria, e.g., they have a history of medication noncompliance. About MHSA. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Can creatine cause irregular heartbeat? A corporation, acting as the authorized agent for its electing nonresident directors, to report the directors wages, salaries, fees, or other compensation from that corporation for director services performed in California, including attendance of board of directors meetings in California. Health and Safety Code 1799.111. But at the same time, the vast majority of dollars that have been made available to counties are actually delivering care and services in our communities and these dollars are being spent in creative and inventive ways, he said. Email Kristie Person. Taxable income from , https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2022/2022-540-es-instructions.html, Health (9 days ago) WebMental Health Services Tax on Income Over $1 Million Nonresident individuals with over $1 million of California taxable income are eligible to be included in group nonresident , https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2019/2019-1067-publication.pdf, Health (5 days ago) WebA 1% tax on Californians who earn more than $1 million pays for expanded mental health care It raises about $2 billion a year for services such as preventing , https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/14/health/california-tax-mental-health-partner/index.html, Health (6 days ago) WebThe Mental Health Services Act (MHSA) passed as Proposition 63 in 2004, became effective January 1, 2005, and established the Mental Health Services Fund , https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/MH/Pages/MHSA-Program-Policy.aspx, Health (1 days ago) WebFor the 2022 tax year (taxes filed in 2023), there are nine California state tax brackets: 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 9.3%, 10.3%, 11.3% and 12.3%. The MHSA was passed by California voters in 2004 and is funded by a one percent income tax on personal income in excess of $1 million per year. In November 2004, California voters passed Proposition 63, the Mental Health Services Act (MHSA). The intent of the act was to address the urgent need for expanding access to community mental health services. 2. At one Los Angeles County mental health clinic, where staff members asked not to be named for fear of retaliation, a clinician said the wait time for therapy is now six months. Jackeline Luna is a senior producer for video series. The . Housemates Carrie McGinniss, left, Michael Allen, who both struggle with mental disorders, received housing assistance from a nonprofit to live in their apartment. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. id`Me7Y'eCCz_,rJeO.-6~tNK3 LQXJkz3zp/?xIa?R[cVzDQn9c70AYy yMc^SYui[d'cZGSpf'uB 9=fuRQ|1H The economy eventually improved but not on the streets, where many mentally ill people wound up, caught in a housing affordability crisis that grew only more dire and an opioid crisis that exploded. In the last several years, California engaged in mental health deinstitutionalization 2.0. But that leads to all sorts on interesting complexities, like the one I asked about. Provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources. 2017-18 Medi-Cal Mental Health Services Spending by Fund Source Federal Funds 2FrL~pi`K{K7jhK%A$7mxk Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. As a result, these nonresident individuals will pay tax at a rate of 13.3%, the top personal income tax bracket.. But critics said more accountability is crucial. It is a very good investment, she said, adding that the county plans to add more participants this year. In 1978, the prison population was about 25,000, By 2006, it had grown to over 170,000 and 30 percent of the prison population were designated as needing mental health services. Published today in PLOS One, a new peer-reviewed USC study is the first to examine whether revenue from California's mental health tax affected a vital public health indicator: suicide. Question: Question 13 of 25 How many tax brackets does California have, disregarding the Mental Health Services Tax? "A 1% surcharge, the mental health services tax, is collected on taxable incomes of $1 million or more, making California's highest marginal rate 13.3%." . It places a 1% tax on personal . Then, in 2011, the state shifted nearly $900 million of Proposition 63 money to temporarily cover mental health programs typically paid for by the general fund and eased state oversight of counties spending. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. To tax millionaires to support the mental health system, what an extraordinary thing we did, he said. Los Angeles County receives the biggest share of the money. California State Controller's Office: Health and Welfare Realignment, Sales Tax, Mental Health Sales Tax Base, Welfare and Institutions Code Section 17601, 17601.25(a), county, counties, Remittance Advice, Fiscal Year 2021-2022, 2021-22, Mental Health For example, if a taxpayer has $1,500,000 of California taxable , https://www.nixonpeabody.com/en/ideas/blog/trusts-and-estates/2015/12/14/california-has-a-mental-health-services-tax?search=trusts-and-estates, Health (1 days ago) Web1 The mental health tax is a 1% tax imposed on personal income over $1 million per year that goes to California's county mental health service systems. Unlikely to survive safely in the community without supervision. Specifically, funds will "increase capacity for client assistance . Background. HW$ Wtm' 6|A7$YwiGv2$AY$-_~7_/oVfm-VOV:dDj^K&'=nWmU'~m-^;>n\wi[ZVH^ivk$vj=w]n_}|cZ~0aA]O&&w&4ss~t u- spn`y@,/l~p.?yxG\ujUOkKVREM|XX*mkU+Y^*i8? }ce[+bff If Form 592 is not filed, withholding may not be properly credited to the group nonresident return. And that is not the only reason CARE Court is controversial. Substance Abuse Countywide Services Phone: (951) 955-1745 tax guidance on Middle Class Tax Refund payments, General information for the Middle Class Tax Refund, Publication 1067, Guidelines for Filing a Group Form 540NR. Sharp Mesa Vista's address is 7850 Vista Hill Ave., San Diego. (Bahram Mark Sobhani for KHN), See the latest news and share your comments with CNN Health on. It is designed to expand and transform California's behavioral health system to better serve individuals with, and at risk of, serious mental health issues, and their families. Beginning January 1, 2022, psychologists and other health care providers will be required by law to give uninsured and self-pay patients a good faith estimate of costs for services that they offer, when scheduling care or when the patient requests an estimate. Secondly, the study examines the effect of tax cuts in 1996 that applied She acknowledged that the state audit on unspent funds was fair and an opportunity for improvement for counties and the state., The audit and the Rand study addressed different questions and are not necessarily contradictory, according to mental health advocates. Alfredo Ruiz, left, and his caseworker, Julio Alvarez discuss treatment issues as they stroll past the North Hollywood shelter where Ruiz lives. How about the credits? The MHSA levied a 1 percent tax on all California personal incomes over $1 million, resulting in a substantial investment in mental health in the state. Alex Briscoes experience during the Great Recession illustrates part of what has gone wrong. 1967 Reagan signs the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act and ends the practice of institutionalizing patients against their will, or for indefinite amounts of time. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Creatine. The money is critically important for the community mental health system and for people who need treatment but havent been served well in traditional ways, said Toby Ewing, executive director of the states Mental Health Services Oversight & Accountability Commission. Lea este artculo en espaol. Under the current system, Newsom said in his 2020 State of the State speech, resources too often dont reach the people who need it the most.. 2500 Alhambra Ave, Martinez, CA 94553. Participants are required to be 18 years old, suffering from a mental illness and unlikely to survive safely in the community without supervision, based on a clinical evaluation. Proposition 63, now known as the Mental Health Services Act, imposed a 1 percent tax on people who earn more than $1 million annually to pay for expanded mental health care in California. The Mental Health Services Tax Rate is 1% for taxable . Upon further review, I wonder if the AGI question is only directed at whether the safe-harbor amount is 100%, or 110%, of previous year's tax. endstream endobj 3477 0 obj <>stream The Department of State Hospitals-Atascadero is a secure forensic hospital located on the Central Coast of California, in San Luis Obispo County. 5:50 AM EDT, Wed March 14, 2018. California's stated maximum income tax rate on individuals is 9.55%. Expert Answer. Previously, she covered state government and politics for The Times, San Francisco Chronicle and the Sacramento Bee. Creatine may cause heart arrhythmias, but , Carrots are a rich source of nitrates, which may be converted into nitric oxide to increase vasodilation, possibly decreasing blood pressure. employment in California's public mental health system Evidence of its consequences can be found in our jails and prisons, our hospitals and clinics, our schools and colleges. It is designed to expand and transform California's behavioral health system to better serve individuals with, and at risk of, serious mental health issues, and their families. Apply online instantly. If we invest in early intervention and prevention, if we invest in whatever it takes for the people who are the most chronic and seriously ill, their lives will be much better and so will our communities, he said. Are you billing that to the clients? MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ACT . Sandra Hearth is the creator and writer behind "Wellbeing Port", a blog dedicated to promoting healthy living and personal wellness. Which state has the best mental health services? *Jw(q>+q*q /~C; {?#J@="p#Nceock/934Q/-&5xEZ?.NK; 6}n(w!#9bDCYqd_C96?9#tk3/ofPVeXQzG>=0za$~X?` 'S{[~Ec8UrKJA H+u_BGjjV eS[,t^A#+ Born and raised in the bustling city of New York, Sandra has always been drawn to the idea of living a balanced and fulfilling life. Surgeon General David Satcher's call for national action to reduce mental health disparities, the former Department of Mental Health (DMH), with support from the Mental Health Services Oversight and Accountability Commission (MHSOAC), the California Mental Health Directors Association (CMHDA) and the California Mental Health . That was followed by a meth crisis and a fentanyl crisis, which pushed more people onto the streets and stretched substance abuse and mental health programs to a breaking point. The MHSA was an , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Mental_Health_Services_Act, Health (2 days ago) WebThe amount of the tax is 1% of the amount of the taxpayers income that exceeds $1,000,000. Psychiatric Emergency Services. This article is part of The Times mental health initiative, For Your Mind, an effort to increase coverage of treatment, public policy, wellness and culture related to mental health in Californias communities. Family Advocate Liaison for Mental Health, Detention Services, Public Guardian, Long Term Care and Veterans Countywide Services. Gavin Newsom could help. Staffing for mental health services in California, already strained by funding challenges and bureaucratic complications, was delivered a body blow by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the passage of the MHSA, Kern County, Los Angeles County, Nevada County, Orange County, Placer County, San Diego County, San Mateo County, Yolo County, Contra Costa County, the City and County of San Francisco, Ventura County, San Luis Obispo County, Alameda County and Mendocino County have approved . Lauras Law is Californias state law that provides community-based, assisted outpatient treatment (AOT) to a small population of individuals who meet strict legal criteria and who as a result of their mental illness are unable to voluntarily access community mental health services. For more , https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2021/2021-540-booklet.html, Health (7 days ago) WebStep 1: Is your gross income (gross income is computed under California law and consists of all income you received from all sources in the form of money, goods, property, and , https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/2020/2020-540nr-booklet.html, Health (3 days ago) WebMental Health Services Tax If your taxable income or nonresident CA source taxable income is more than $1,000,000, complete the worksheet below. Written July, 2004. For Access to Services or the Crisis Line, 1 800 654-3937. It is designed to expand and transform Californias behavioral health system to better serve individuals with, and at risk of, serious mental health issues, and their families. Riverside, CA 92507 Phone: (951) 955-1496 Fax: (951) 955-7220. ;|78 &4%8!1&(D"~$]s$h(k#B}i>1$a")kkGarq?:}^K'1]v"Q+g$3'$ X5i{[\{/$|n]SZa uQ8#Vl)HQWdWx)y)?4wv)sT]M3~-|,Ez3Sy5B)f4Z!8%_R%5EeRW |H'B!shMD.+K%g$ =`7=Ad/Wsmh;06R."k \weNI-V.7D-E The February audit said that the California Department of Health Care Services allowed local mental health departments to accumulate $231 million in unspent funds by the end of the 2015-16 fiscal year which should have been returned to the state because it was not spent in the allowed timeframe. In 1967 the California Legislature passed the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act (LPS) which changed the states mental-commitment laws to limit involuntary detention of all but the most gravely mentally ill and to provide a patients bill of rights regarding treatment. I think I'm beginning to figure out this Lacerte thing, where they lead you around three sides of the barn in order to find the door you are standing in front of. For decades, he has sought to care for his 43-year-old son, who suffers from schizoaffective disorder and drug and alcohol addiction. It is a member-serving organization focused on supporting and enhancing the public behavioral health system that provides treatment for the most vulnerable individuals in the . Medical Expenses for 2017 Taxes. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 925-313-7940. Involved in meaningful school, work activities. As of January 27, 2020 . If we had more funding, we would do more.. With offices in San Francisco (Pacific Heights & FiDi), Palo Alto, San Jose, Berkeley, Beverly Hills, San Diego, Orinda, and Marin County, California, we specialize in supplying the most effective innovative, evidence-based mental health treatments for a wide range of issues. endstream endobj 3476 0 obj <>stream Musculoskeletal causes of difficulty walking Broken bones and soft tissues injuries, including sprains, strains and tendonitis. please call 9-1-1. Kendras Law (9.60 of the Mental Hygiene Law) mandates mental health services for a small number of individuals who have difficulty engaging in rehabilitation and can pose a risk to themselves or others in the community. What counties in California have Lauras law? The Clinic Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatrists Located Across the State of California. We can only imagine the challenges we would face if those funds werent available.. For more information, go to the California Department of Health Care Service's website. Another 1% surcharge, the mental health services tax, is collected from taxpayers whose incomes . What AGI do I use on Screen 8, the previous year MFJ AGI, or 1/2 the previous year's AGI? For example, if a taxpayer has $1,500,000 of California taxable income during tax year 2014, the taxpayer would owe $5,000 of Mental Health Services Tax. Income tax tables and other tax information is sourced from the California Franchise Tax Board. Counties are the primary providers of mental health care in California communities for persons who lack private coverage for such care. California Mental Health Services Act (as of Jan. 27, 2020), Sec. The MHSA was passed by California voters in 2004 and is funded by a one percent income tax on personal income in excess of $1 million per year. The federal law that created 988 gave state lawmakers the option of raising money for call centers and other mental health services by levying a monthly fee on phone bills, but only four states . What are the eligibility criteria for being treated under Lauras Law? The Mental Health Services Act levies a tax of 1% on incomes above $1 million. RBHA is the statutorily established public entity responsible for providing mental health, intellectual disabilities, substance abuse and prevention services to the citizens of the City of Richmond. Taxpayers filing separately, who filed jointly in the preceding taxable year, are to compute their required annual payment by redetermining their separate share of the joint liability for the preceding year using each spouse's separate income and deductions based on the current year's filing status. 16 - 24 years old that may be experiencing a mental health crisis. Diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder; Charged with a felony; Not a significant safety risk if . Proposition 63 Mental Health Services Expansion and Funding. Discovery Company. E. Mental Health Services Tax on Income Over $1 Million - Nonresident individuals with over $1 million of California taxable income are eligible to be included in group nonresident returns . These pages do not include the Google translation application. The public behavioral health system is successful in helping to ensure that all residents in need of public behavioral health services are: Physically and emotionally healthy happy and thriving.